Understanding Binary Search Trees in Data Structures

A Binary Search Tree (BST) is a popular and powerful data structure in computer science. It builds on the idea of a binary tree, organizing data in a sorted way that makes searching, inserting, and deleting elements more efficient. Its structured approach and ability to maintain order make it essential in many real-world applications.

What is a Binary Search Tree?

A Binary Search Tree consists of nodes, and each node has three parts:

1. A value or key that holds data.
2. A left child pointer that links to a smaller value.
3. A right child pointer that links to a larger value.

The BST follows these simple but crucial rules:

• Every node’s left child contains a value smaller than the node itself.
• Every node’s right child contains a value greater than the node itself.
• No duplicate values are allowed, keeping everything organized and unique.

Key Operations in a Binary Search Tree

1. Searching for a Value

Imagine trying to find a name in a phonebook — BSTs make this task efficient. Starting at the root (the topmost node):

• If the value you’re looking for is smaller, you check the left side.
• If it’s larger, you move to the right side.